Features of tooth preparation during treatment and prosthetics

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Preparation is a dental procedure that is based on grinding down a damaged tooth.

A manipulation is carried out to create additional space, which will then be used for the installation of an orthopedic structure.

Grinding is a mandatory procedure, without which it is impossible to properly fix the prosthetic structure.

The essence and purpose of the procedure

During turning, the surface layer of enamel is removed using special equipment equipped with high-speed burs with diamond tips.

Only with an ideally processed dental surface will the installation of the prosthesis be accurate and tight, which, in turn, will allow further avoidance of its rejection or the development of complications.

During preparation, the tooth is prepared for its further restoration. It takes on a cone-shaped shape (which simplifies the placement of the product), the remains of the carious cavity and old fillings are eliminated.

The procedure is considered by patients to be one of the most unpleasant in dentistry, so many of them do not decide to undergo prosthetics and end up losing their teeth.

But today, preparation technology has changed somewhat. The advent of new devices has made it possible to improve the technique, so there is virtually no pain or discomfort.

In addition, local anesthetics are used, which reduce the level of human sensitivity.

Crowns without grinding teeth

Most often, the patient is interested in the issue of making a crown without turning , when the tooth, for one reason or another, was removed, and it is not advisable to injure the neighboring ones. In this case, the best option is implantation. By placing an implant and installing a crown on it, several goals are achieved at once - high aesthetics, durability, filling the defect and being non-traumatic for adjacent teeth.

Also, an option for a crown without grinding adjacent teeth can be an adhesive fixation system using special elastic materials such as fiberglass or plastic. This design is called adhesive-bridge prosthesis , or Maryland prosthesis . This also includes fixation with micro-locks. This technique involves making microchannels in the walls of adjacent teeth in which the fixing elements of the crown are placed. These methods of filling defects are recommended by doctors rather as temporary measures, for example, while the implant is healing.

Indications

The procedure is required in almost all cases when restoration is carried out in the oral cavity, namely:

To restore or replace worn-out filling material;
When reconstructing a dental element after a fracture;
To correct a congenital defect of the coronal part;
When installing veneers, crowns, etc.;
To carry out other restoration activities as one of its stages.

Preparation is also necessary if caries is discovered during the removal of the enamel layer.

In this case, to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms to neighboring units, carious tissue and infected dentin are removed.

Rules for the use of glass ionomer cement for fixation of crowns and bridges, composition and properties of the material.

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Purposes of preparation

In the process of turning teeth for crowns, the following is created:

Prosthetic space for construction;
The support stump is of a shape that will provide conditions for the application and fixation of the prosthesis;
Correct relationship between the edge of the artificial crown and the periodontium.

Each of the above points is very important in the process of functioning of the structure. Prosthetic space is necessary to prevent overbite. The correct shape of the ground tooth will ensure the longest and most durable cementation. And it is worth mentioning separately about the correct interaction with the periodontium.

Techniques

Not long ago, a special drill was used to treat problem units. Today, grinding technology has improved significantly.

Several new techniques have been developed that have made the manipulation more comfortable, as painless and safe as possible:

Ultrasonic

Grinding occurs using ultrasonic waves , which are emitted by a high-precision device. The advantages of the procedure include:

absence of negative feelings;
minimal risk of damage to hard tissues;
pulp safety;
painlessness;
no heating of dentin and enamel.

Laser

This technique is based on the process of heating water in dental tissues using a pulsed laser. Its effect allows you to easily remove the affected areas with an air-water flow.

The advantages are considered to be high precision of processing, silent operation of the device, absence of damage and heating of tissues.

Disadvantages - there is a minimal risk of infection, the technique can only be used for surface treatment.

Air abrasive

Here, instead of a drill, a mixture of abrasive substance and air is used , supplied under pressure. This force is enough to remove the required amount of enamel and dentin.

The advantages of the technique are:

safety;
speed of manipulation;
minimal heating of tissues;
processing accuracy;
no vibration;
preservation of the maximum volume of healthy tissue;
painlessness.

But at the same time, air abrasive grinding cannot be used as an independent technique due to the fact that it can only act on surface layers.

Can be used in combination with other methods of preparing teeth for prosthetics.

Chemical

Preparation involves the use of chemically active substances (for example, acids), which, through their action, soften the desired area of enamel.

The positive aspects of the technique are painlessness, safety for healthy tissues, and the absence of heating.

The only drawback is the length of the process (on average, it takes about 30 minutes to process one unit).

Tunnel

This technique is the most common due to its ease of implementation and the ability to accurately control the thickness of the surface being removed.

It is carried out using a special diamond tip (or metal) with high rotational ability.

The only advantage of tunnel preparation is the high precision of processing.

The method has significantly more disadvantages:

strong heating of the enamel;
need for pain relief;
high probability of tissue damage;
there is a risk of infection.

It is impossible to single out the best method from the entire list. All of them are selected individually for each patient , based on the condition of the oral cavity, examination results, and in accordance with the specific type of defect.

Is it painful to grind teeth for crowns?

It is impossible to perform prosthetics without special preparation of teeth, which consists of grinding them down. It is used to level the surface of hard tissues. Many patients find this stage of prosthetics the most unpleasant due to the possible pain of the procedure. The following describes in detail the features of turning.

Necessity of the procedure

No person's teeth are perfectly shaped. The bulges present on them interfere with the production of comfortable crowns. Therefore, the dentist has to prepare or, as people say, grind the teeth.

The preparation stage is necessary to ensure that the manufactured dentures have the correct shape, fit well to the teeth and are firmly attached to them.

The tooth must be prepared by an experienced doctor, who will do this taking into account the thickness of the crown being installed. After all, the manufactured prosthesis should not interfere with talking and chewing food.

Grinding a tooth is often also a therapeutic procedure that removes tissue affected by caries. This stops the progression of the disease

Preparation methods

There are several methods used for preparing (grinding) teeth:

Ultrasonic
Using laser
Chemical
Tunnel
Using an air abrasive device

An ultrasound machine performs grinding using waves that do not damage soft tissues or cause overheating of hard tooth tissues.

The amount of heat generated when exposed to ultrasound is minimal. The vibration of the device is low, so cracks do not occur during turning.

The procedure using this method is painless.

Preparation of tooth tissue for subsequent prosthetics using a laser does not cause discomfort or pain.

The advantages of the laser method include speed, noiselessness, safety and the absence of mechanical impact on the nerve endings, which irritates them

The ability of a laser to destroy pathogenic microflora makes additional treatment of the oral cavity with antiseptic solutions unnecessary.

The chemical preparation method takes longer. Special substances soften enamel and dentin. The use of anesthetics is not required, there is no heating of the tooth tissue, and there are no chips or cracks on its surface.

During air-abrasive grinding, sandblasting of hard tooth tissues is performed. Sodium bicarbonate and aluminum oxide serve as abrasives in this case. They are fed through the tip of a special apparatus onto the tooth and grind down the required amount of hard tissue without overheating it and maintaining its sufficient volume. The method is painless.

A turbine unit is used for tunnel turning. The speed of its operation is adjustable. Preparation is carried out with a diamond or metal tip

The classic method is the most painful and unsafe compared to the others.

Along with modern methods, the classic one is still used - grinding the tooth under a crown using a drill. This method is the most painful and unsafe compared to the others.

Unpleasant consequences can be a crack in the enamel or damaged gums.

But during such preparation, the doctor can control the volume of enamel removed, which is an advantage of this method.

It is necessary to choose a preparation method depending on the condition and structural features of the teeth of a particular patient.

He, for his part, before performing prosthetics, must familiarize himself with the technical equipment of the clinic and all the features of the procedure.

Features of teeth grinding

Before starting the preparation, the doctor usually takes an x-ray to clarify the characteristics of the pulp and its reaction to medications, the structure of the tooth, and also determine its condition.

If the nerves of the tooth are killed, then there is no need for anesthesia before preparation using the classical method.

Different types and materials of crowns require different grinding features.

For example, for metal-ceramics, the tooth is ground on all sides, for metal crowns - on the sides, so as not to injure adjacent units.

To install a zirconium crown, the tooth is ground to form a rounded shoulder. If the crown is made of porcelain, the tooth is given a cylindrical or conical shape.

If anesthesia before preparation was performed correctly, the patient does not experience pain during the procedure. It can only occur when a significant layer of dentin is removed or when soft tissue is compressed.

Types of ledges

A ledge is the part of hard tissue remaining after preparation on which the future prosthetic structure is planned to be secured. There are three varieties of it:

Rounded . Used under metal-ceramic prosthesis. Allows you to preserve the maximum amount of hard tissue. Thickness varies from 0.8 to 1.3 mm.
Knife-shaped. Designed for solid metal crowns. Ideal for turning inclined pieces. The width ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
Brachial. It is the most reliable and durable when securing orthopedic products, but is uneconomical in terms of removing a large volume of tissue. The width is about 2 mm. Requires removal of the nerve from the tooth (depulpation).

If you do not create a ledge before prosthetics, the quality of the fit of the prosthesis will decrease significantly. This circumstance complicates oral care and increases the likelihood of developing recurrent caries.

Shape of the shoulder and stress-strain state of all-ceramic crowns

Currently, in orthopedic dentistry there has been increased interest in the use of all-ceramic crowns. This was facilitated by scientific advances in their manufacturing technology: casting ceramic systems Empress, Optec, Dicor; pressed Cerestore, Hi-ceram, In-ceram; milled ceramic crowns Cerec-2, Celay. At the same time, the opinions of specialists on the preparation of teeth for this type of prosthesis, in particular on the size and shape of the cervical ledge, are contradictory. For example, V.N. Kopeikin [3] recommends preparing a tooth for an all-ceramic crown with a straight shoulder or in the form of a recess, less often with a shoulder with an edge beveled to the gum. Kh.A. Kalamkarov [2] believes that when preparing teeth, the shoulder angle should be 135°. SHHung [5] in his work came to the conclusion that the shoulder on teeth with ceramic crowns should be made with a 45° bevel. The KAMalamed article [6] specifies a shoulder angle of 90°.

In orthopedic dentistry, scientific research based on the finite element method has appeared [1,4,7,8], which is associated with a number of advantages of this method over full-scale tests, especially in the ability to evaluate not only real oral situations, but also unusual functional loads in magnitude , direction and point of application.

The purpose of our work was to study the influence of the shape of the cervical shoulder on the stress-strain state of an all-ceramic crown. Materials and methods

In the laboratory of materials science of the Research Institute of Dentistry at MMSI, together with the Department of Mathematical Modeling of the Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, the computer program SPLEN-K was developed. [1] This program allows you to calculate the stress-strain state of various orthopedic structures and their interface with the tissues of the tooth, periodontium, oral mucosa and jaw bone.

To calculate in the SPLEN-K program, it is necessary to specify the geometric dimensions of the structure, boundary conditions and four basic mechanical properties of prosthetic and dental materials: Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, hardening coefficient and elastic limit. We took the physical and mechanical parameters from the monograph by WJO'Brien [9] on dental materials science (see Table 1).

Table 1.

Our study was carried out on a model of the central incisor of the upper jaw with three options for a circular uniform shoulder 1 mm wide: a straight shoulder 90°, a bevel shoulder 135° and a hollow shoulder.

The computer study was carried out as follows: the contours of the 11th tooth prepared with a ledge, the crown and the cement layer were entered into the computer in two projections - vestibulo-oral and mesio-distal. Boundary conditions were set: fixation points and acting force. The studies were carried out with three options for applying a chewing load (100 N), simulating: direct bite (vertical distributed load along the cutting edge), orthognathic (load applied to the middle third of the palatal surface of the tooth crown) and deep incisal overlap (load applied to the cervical third palatal surface of the tooth crown). After this, the structure was triangulated, i.e. The computer divided the entire contour of the model into many triangles. The greater the number of these finite elements, the higher the accuracy of the solution and the closer the mathematical model is to the real object. The working version of SPLEN-K allowed the model to be split into up to 800 finite elements.

After entering the material parameters, the program calculated the stress-strain state. As a result, the calculation results were displayed on the monitor and printing device in the form:

* average stress fields, * stress intensity fields, * plastic zones.

When assessing average stress fields, negative values mean compression in the structure, and positive values, on the contrary, mean tension.

The density of the isolines was used to judge the intensity of the stresses that arise. More accurate data were obtained by analyzing a color diagram of stress intensity fields. Displaying plastic zones in green shading on the monitor made it possible to identify areas of the structure in which plastic deformations occur. The zone of plastic deformation, localized in the ceramics, was regarded by us as the destruction of the crown.

RESULTS

Under horizontal load, the stresses in the all-ceramic artificial tooth crown seem to be divided into two halves - a compression and tension zone (Fig. 1). Under vertical load, only compressive stresses are observed, mainly in the area of the ledge and in the fixation cement at the top of the stump (Fig. 2).

Fig 1 Fig 2

Fig.1. Medium stress field in a tooth with a cement-fixed all-ceramic crown under horizontal load.

Fig.2. Medium stress field in a tooth with a cement-fixed all-ceramic crown under vertical load.

On the color diagrams of the intensity fields under horizontal loading, pink-red tones are present only in the cervical zone, and under vertical loading they practically cover the entire crown (Fig. 3, 4).

Fig 3 Fig 4

Fig.3. Stress intensity field in a tooth with a cement-fixed all-ceramic crown under horizontal load.

Fig.4. Stress intensity field in a tooth with a cement-fixed all-ceramic crown under vertical load.

The different nature of stresses leads to the appearance of plastic zones in different areas. Plastic zones under horizontal load of an all-ceramic crown fixed with phosphate cement on a tooth prepared with a 90° shoulder appear on the mesial and distal shoulders. With a vertical load, we marked the plastic zone only on the medial ledge. This is apparently due to the anatomical shape of the maxillary central incisor, namely the sign of the crown angle.

In Fig. 5, 6, the average stress fields of different variants of the cervical shoulder under a vertical load of 100 N are presented (for a 90°, 135° shoulder and a hollow shoulder, respectively). In all cases, we noted only compressive stress isolines with epicenters of various shapes localized in the ledge zone. The maximum values of compressive stresses were found for a straight shoulder - 49 MPa.

Fig 5 Fig 6

Fig.5. Average stress fields (a, b), stress intensity fields (c, d), plastic deformation zones (d) in an all-ceramic crown fixed with cement on a tooth with a 90° shoulder.

Fig.6. Average stress fields (a, b), stress intensity fields (c, d), plastic deformation zones (d) in an all-ceramic crown fixed with cement on a tooth with a shoulder of 135°.

The color diagrams of the stress intensity fields under vertical load for all three ledge options are of the same nature with red zones (more than 23 MPa) on the medial and distal ledges.

For a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various forms of cervical ledges, we determined the threshold loads at which plastic deformations occur in the tooth-cement-crown model under study, which can be regarded as the occurrence of cracks in non-plastic materials.

The results of studies of three types of ledges on four sides of the tooth (medial [M], distal [D], vestibular [V], oral [O]) with 8 options for applying the load are shown in Table 2.

Table 2.

We found that when a vertical load of up to 100N is applied to the cutting edge, plastic zones appear on the medial and distal ledges. With a straight ledge shape, plastic deformation occurs already at a load of 19 N, with a bevel-shaped ledge - 27 N, with a hollow ledge - 36-38 N. With a vertical load applied to the upper or lower third of the palatal surface of the crown of the 11th tooth, the best results were obtained for a bevel-ledge (100N and 63N), the worst - for a straight shoulder (81N and 53N), average - for a hollow-ledge (94N and 59N ).

In the case of a horizontal load direction, plastic deformation on the approximal steps occurs in the case of a straight step already at 31 N, in the case of a bevel step at 38-47 N, in the case of a hollow step at 47-63 N.

The study of the conditions for the emergence of zones of plastic deformation on the vestibular and oral ledges made it possible to establish that with a horizontal load direction, the best indicators were noted in the case of a bevel ledge, the worst (from 28 to 56N) in the case of a straight ledge, average results were obtained when creating a hollow ledge (34 -75H).

Thus, the data obtained convincingly show that the lowest threshold loads for all 32 studied options are observed with a straight bench. The maximum load threshold for the occurrence of plastic deformations on the medial and distal steps corresponds to a step in the form of a hollow, and on the vestibular and oral – in the form of a step-bevel of 135°.

conclusions

1. Computer analysis of the stress-strain state of all-ceramic crowns gives grounds to conclude that there is a different pattern of stresses in crowns with different shoulder shapes. 2. The optimal option for preparing a tooth for an all-ceramic crown, according to the results of our research, is vestibular and oral ledges at an angle of 135° and proximal ledges in the form of a hollow.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Arutyunov S.D., Chumachenko E.N., Kopeikin V.N. and others // Dentistry 1997, No. 4 p. 47-52. 2. Kalamkarov H.A. Orthopedic treatment using metal-ceramic prostheses. // M 1996, p. 73-74. 3. Kopeikin V.N. Orthopedic dentistry. Textbook. // M. Medicine 1988, p. 146-147. 4. Bayne SC, Papavasiliou G, Kamposiora P et al. // J Dent Res 1993; 72, No. 4, p. 350. 5. Hung SH // J. Prosthet. Dent. 1990, 63, p. 26-31. 6. Malamed KA // Int. J. Periodont. Rest. Dent. 1988; 8, p. 33-49. 7. Rekow E. Dianne // JADA 1991, No. 12, p. 43-48. 8. Thomas L. Snyder // JADA 1995, No. 2, p. 171-178. 9. William J. O'Brien. Dental materials and their selection // Quintessence Publ. Co 1997, p. 331-399.

Article provided by the magazine “Dental Doctor”

Tactics

The entire grinding process can be divided into two stages:

Elementary. The dentist determines the amount of tissue to be removed (for this he makes grooves - special notches).
Be sure to clean the tooth of damaged enamel and dentin, and remove “extra” tissue from the lateral convex surfaces. Such actions allow you to create the optimal size of the unit and give it the desired shape.
Final. Includes removal of carious areas (if any) and “old” fillings, pulp protection, as well as final treatment of the tooth cavity and walls.

At the end of all manipulations, the doctor evaluates the quality of the turning and the degree of sealing before applying the composite.

What modern dentistry offers for increased wear of hard dental tissues, and how effective the treatment is.

In this publication, we will discuss how to prevent metal allergies from occurring in dentistry.

Here https://www.vash-dentist.ru/protezirovanie/nesemnyie-p/ottisknyih-materialov-ortopedicheskoy-stomatologii.html we suggest you familiarize yourself with the classification of impression materials in dentistry.

Some nuances

Each orthopedic product has its own rules and requirements for its installation. Depending on the type of prosthesis, the preparation stages differ.

Under the crown

When it is planned to install a solid cast structure, grinding begins from the side surfaces to avoid damage to adjacent units.

For metal-ceramic crowns, about 2 mm of enamel is removed from the sides of the tooth, and a ledge is created that matches the type of product selected. To ensure a tight fit, the enamel is not polished, but is left slightly rough.

When a porcelain crown is installed, the tooth is ground down to a cylinder or cone shape, however, the ledge must be 0.1 cm into the gum.

If the prosthesis is made of zirconium, the ledge is formed with clear boundaries of a round or shoulder-shaped shape.

In the video, watch the process of preparation with a ledge for installing a crown.

Under veneer

Since a veneer is an overlay on the outer side of a tooth, when turning, special attention is given to the front surface

The sides are processed in two ways:

leaving contact between teeth;
with output to the inner side of the ledge boundaries.

Another point is that if the veneer is made of ceramic, the preparation is carried out to the gum. If a composite is used, no preparation is carried out (the layer is left slightly rough to improve adhesion to the material).

For tab

An inlay is a partial prosthesis, so when grinding it is important to make the side walls parallel and maintain the dimensions of the corners. Compliance with these conditions will ensure tight insertion and reliable fixation of the insert in the cavity.

Important! To eliminate the likelihood of developing repeated caries, the cavity of the tooth being restored is slightly expanded.

Under a prosthesis

In this case, preparation is carried out with the aim of shortening the prosthetic elements. During treatment, all thin and sharp walls, dentin and enamel protrusions are removed. The best option is to give the cavity an oval shape.

Under special circumstances, the pulp is first removed.

When splinting

Splinting is a procedure that secures units in a row and prevents their further loosening. The procedure involves minimal grinding of the enamel.

Typically, dentists adhere to the technique used when installing metal-ceramic crowns.

What is tooth preparation

As part of the procedure, the specialist grinds down the hard tissues of the tooth in order to achieve a flat and smooth surface suitable for fixing a crown or orthopedic structure. Only the tightest possible contact between living and artificial tissue provides reliable protection of the enamel from injury, and also guarantees the strength of the product’s fixation.

In addition, the tooth is given a certain shape that exactly replicates the internal cavity of the crown. This allows you to fix the prosthesis more tightly and accurately.

Tooth preparation

If earlier this procedure was quite lengthy and quite painful, now before it is performed the patient is given an injection with an effective local anesthetic. Modern methods of pain relief guarantee absolute painlessness and a high level of comfort for the patient.

Turning methods

tunnel turning: the classic use of a drill using a metal or diamond tip. The device operates in various speed modes, but at very high speeds, so to prevent overheating of the tissues, a stream of cold water must be supplied. The technique allows grinding down any amount of living tooth tissue,
ultrasound: this method involves the use of a special device that transmits high-frequency vibrations. In this case, the instrument does not come into direct contact with the enamel, thereby reducing the risk of injury to dentin and nerves. The procedure is completely painless and safe, but allows for the preparation of only a small amount of dental tissue,
laser: the procedure does not pose any threat to health and allows you to achieve the desired result in the shortest possible time. This method refers to non-contact methods of grinding teeth, so the risk of damage to the pulp is minimized. True, it is also used when removing small amounts of dental tissue,
air-abrasive preparation technique: the method involves exposure to water with a mixture of abrasive particles, as a result of which hard tissue is ground down to the desired shape and size. In this case, the patient does not experience pain. This method allows you to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible, and also eliminate the risk of chips and cracks after turning,
chemical method: here they use acids that can quickly and reliably destroy hard tissue. After exposure to the composition, the specialist removes the softened areas and creates the desired shape. This is a rather lengthy procedure, and also very outdated.

When is the preparation performed?

Currently, there are several main types of dental preparation, depending on the type of structure that is planned to be installed to restore the aesthetics and functionality of the dentition:

veneers: surface treatment for veneers is carried out using a special technology. At the first stage, the specialist works on the front side, after which he gradually moves on to the side surfaces. Only in rare cases is it necessary to prepare the anterior teeth in the palatal area or the incisal edge. As a rule, horizontal and vertical groove stripes are created on the enamel, in which dental glue will be located,
inlays: partial dentures that are used to hide minor defects. In order to securely fix such a product, the side walls are prepared parallel to each other1. This form makes it possible to easily and quickly install the structure at the required depth,
crowns and bridges: a crown is an artificial top that protects the tooth from the development of carious lesions, prevents infection of weakened tissues, and also allows you to restore aesthetics to your smile and restore full functionality. Grinding is required for metal-ceramic crowns, cast metal, porcelain, zirconium, ceramic and plastic solutions, as well as for bridges, except for adhesive bridges - their installation does not require additional grinding of some tissues,
splinting: this procedure involves fixing mobile teeth in the correct position using pin, beam or inlay splints. In this case, it is necessary to remove a minimum amount of enamel, but in some situations depulpation may also be required.

“Relatively recently, I went through all the stages of installing metal-ceramic crowns, including preparation. During the procedure I did not feel any pain at all. The doctor gave an injection of anesthesia in advance, so everything went well.

But the sensations themselves are of course very unpleasant, and then there’s this terrible roar of the boron! I still don’t know whether this was a medical error, but after grinding my dead tooth suddenly turned pink! In general, I was given temporary crowns first, and then metal-ceramics.

I really hope they last a long time!”

Marina, 47 years old, from correspondence on a thematic forum

Complications and pain after turning

If the quality of the procedure is poor, there is a risk that the patient’s tooth cavity will subsequently open.

Even if the preparation was carried out as carefully as possible, the pulp is in any case subjected to a certain impact, as a result of which the vessels dilate and swelling occurs.

Immediately after grinding, no pain is felt, however, when the effect of the painkiller wears off, discomfort appears and the gums become inflamed.

According to practicing experts in the field of prosthetics, if a vital tooth was subjected to preparation, that is, with the pulp not removed, above which only a thin layer of dentin remained, then after turning the tooth will react to the cold and cause some discomfort. Therefore, specialists resort to temporary structures or cement the worn-out area until a permanent solution is installed.

Sometimes during the procedure, the doctor has to slightly push back the gums using a special thread, which entails compression of the soft tissues and provokes the development of swelling and pain.

What to do if your gums hurt after grinding? As a rule, the discomfort goes away on its own after a few days. In this case, the doctor can immediately suggest the best way to rinse your teeth after grinding in order to relieve acute symptoms.

If quite a lot of time has passed after the procedure, but your teeth still hurt, you should seek help from a specialist.

Pushing back gums with floss

Types of ledges

Grinding of teeth is carried out strictly according to certain rules, with short breaks (to prevent tissue overheating). Immediately after the procedure, temporary crowns or fillings are installed on the treated living teeth. During the preparation process, a specialist can form the following types of ledges:

knife-shaped: the widest of all, therefore suitable for crowns that have a thick layer of tissue, namely all-metal or metal-ceramic crowns,
grooved: the rounded shape in this case makes it possible to preserve the maximum volume of living tissue. The width can vary from 0.8 to 1.2 mm. This option is ideal for metal ceramics,
humeral: this type of ledge with a width of 2 mm requires depulpation. However, this option can significantly increase the strength of the crown fixation and provide higher aesthetic characteristics2.

Features of the procedure in childhood

When working with baby teeth, dentists try to avoid unnecessary procedures that may pose a certain threat to the condition of the child’s thin enamel. In addition, any additional manipulation using a noisy drill usually results in serious stress for the child.

As a rule, experts offer alternative and more gentle treatment methods that do not require preliminary preparation.

In this case, pediatric dentistry is focused on protecting the not yet fully formed enamel from any type of injury. However, there are situations when turning for a crown is indispensable.

Most often, preference is given to the chemical method, as it is less painful. Usually it is enough to remove only the tissue affected by caries.

Without turning - alternative methods of prosthetics

removable prosthetics: the most cost-effective and fastest option for restoring the integrity of the dentition. In this case, the structure can be fixed using a special fastening system on the supporting teeth or even in the absence of all of them in the oral cavity. In this case, no turning of supporting elements is required,
conditionally removable prosthetics: in this case, tooth roots are used to fix the system, which must be in excellent condition. During the installation of the prosthesis, they are strengthened using special pins with a small lock. When installing the prosthesis, the lock automatically snaps into place and the system is securely held in the mouth,

Clasp dentures with locks
adhesive bridge: to fix such a structure, the presence of two supporting elements is necessary, but they are not subject to preparation. Along the edges of one or more artificial crowns there are special plates that allow you to fix the system by attaching it from the inside using dental glue,
implantation: this treatment method involves replacing not only the crown, but also the root, which allows you to restore the anatomy and return the full functionality of the entire dental system. In this case, the implant, which acts as a root, is installed inside the bone tissue, and then a crown or any other orthopedic structure is put on it.

Answers to frequently asked questions

Since the term “dissection” is not widely used among patients, many of them are keenly interested in information regarding this procedure itself.

What layer of fabric is removed? The amount of grinding depends on the type of structure being installed, the characteristics of the tooth surface and its original volume.
Usually no more than 2 mm of hard tissue is removed. But this volume depends on the type of prosthesis being installed. So, before placing the inlays, only 0.5 mm is ground on each side.
How much does it hurt ? Modern technologies allow the procedure to be performed absolutely painlessly. When processing “live” units, local anesthesia is administered.
How long does the process take? The duration of the process depends on the technique chosen by the doctor. On average, processing takes from half an hour to 2 hours.
Is it possible to do prosthetics without preparation? Unfortunately, it is impossible to fix the product in a high-quality manner without grinding. If this manipulation is skipped, a person may face a number of negative consequences in the future.
Can this be done for children ? This procedure has no restrictions regarding the patient's age. Children usually undergo chemical preparation.
Why do my teeth and gums hurt, and what can be done ?
The cause of pain may be too deep grinding, as a result of which the dentist left a very thin tissue layer, and the nerves in the pulp react quite painfully when eating hot/cold foods. Another common cause of pain after turning is inflammation. In any case, the manifestation of this symptom is a reason to immediately seek medical help.

Possible complications

Complications arise only if the dentist performed the preparation poorly. In such a situation, the following most often develop:

inflammation of the gum tissue (in case of infection);
secondary caries (with incomplete cleaning of the cavity from carious tissues).

If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, complications will subsequently lead to premature loss of supporting elements.

To avoid the negative consequences of grinding, you should contact only a highly qualified dentist.

To do this, having read the reviews and ratings in advance, you need to contact a center that provides quality services to its patients in accordance with all norms and rules, and strictly adhere to all medical recommendations and prescriptions.

Reviews

Modern methods of tooth preparation have made it possible to carry out prosthetics almost painlessly, quickly and with better quality.

This is evidenced by numerous reviews from patients who have undergone the process of restoring teeth with prosthetic structures.

You can share your experience of restoring teeth with orthopedic structures, talk about the impressions and feelings you experienced before and after the procedure, by leaving a comment on this article.

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Tags fixed prosthetics prosthetics

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Features of tooth preparation techniques and main stages

The preparation procedure involves “drilling” or grinding, which is carried out during the treatment of caries or the installation of a filling.

It is one of the most basic when making prosthetics or fixing veneers. What are the features of tooth preparation, and what methods are used for this today?

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