Presyncope - what is it, what causes it?

Vegetative dystonia has many manifestations, for example, some patients experience numbness in the tongue due to VSD, a sore throat or disturbances in the processes of digestion and breathing. Many patients with numbness in the limbs, head or tongue use remedies to eliminate these symptoms, but they do not completely get rid of the problem.

Effective treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is based on eliminating the causes of the disorder. Thus, modern specialists have developed a set of methods to relieve nervous tension and reduce the production of adrenaline, which is one of the causes of unpleasant sensations. Neurologists, psychotherapists, cardiologists, and exercise therapy instructors provide high-quality treatment for VSD, which has various manifestations.

Numbness of the tongue

When the functions of the autonomic nervous system are disrupted, blood pressure changes, muscle tone increases, and blood vessels narrow. The resulting spasms lead to the tongue going numb during VSD. The cause of discomfort may be excessive production of adrenaline by the adrenal glands.

Numbness of the tongue can occur due to emotional stress, compression of blood vessels due to cervical osteochondrosis, as well as pathologies of the cardiovascular system. The patient's condition with VSD worsens as a result of worries due to numbness of the tongue and face. To normalize psycho-emotional standing and treat VSD, you should contact a specialist who will select safe and effective means.

Neurologists at the Yusupov Hospital have extensive experience in treating various types of vegetative-vascular dystonia. When a patient comes in with complaints of numbness of the tongue, a feeling of a lump in the throat, a diagnosis is carried out. The main diagnostic methods for VSD are:

• general examination of the patient;
• blood and urine tests;
• palpation;
• Magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment of VSD at the Yusupov Hospital is carried out according to an individual program, which is developed by highly qualified specialists.

What other diseases cause numbness in hands, feet and tongue?

Lesions of the cervical, cranial, and lumbar nerves can cause numbness. But in addition to this, other symptoms are usually present: pain, tingling, dysfunction (claudication, arm weakness, slowness and blurred speech).

Metabolic diseases can also cause changes in sensitivity, including numbness of body parts. If you often limit yourself to meat, fish, eggs, and do not supplement your diet with synthetic vitamin B12, then this can cause metabolic disorders and cause weakness in your arms and legs.

Loss of sensation in the left hand may be one of the classic symptoms of myocardial infarction. At the same time, the general condition worsens, the person looks very pale or, on the contrary, turns red, dizziness or headache, a feeling of heaviness in the chest or a burning sensation appears.

A hernia in one part of the spine can put pressure on a nerve, causing pain or loss of sensation.

Decreased sensation in the feet can be a complication of diabetes. This is one of the first signs of diabetic foot and should be reported to your doctor as soon as possible.

Sore throat

Discomfort and sore throat with VSD occurs due to spasms of the muscles of the pharynx and larynx. If patients feel a lump in the throat during VSD, an experienced neurologist at the Yusupov Hospital will tell you how to get rid of this symptom.

A sore throat occurs in patients with VSD during the daytime. Many people experience serious stress when this symptom appears, as they consider discomfort in grief to be a manifestation of dangerous diseases, such as a malignant tumor or goiter of the thyroid gland. To eliminate throat discomfort, many people prefer to drink water, which brings temporary relief, but to completely eliminate the symptom, it is necessary to get rid of the root cause.

Bibliography

1. Hemorrhagic stroke in adults: clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2016. Developers Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia. - Electronic text. - URB: (access date 08.18.2020).
2. Efremova M.D. Stroke as an urgent socio-psychological problem / M.D. Efremova – electronic text//Skif. Questions of student science.- 2022 - No. 2(24) URB: (date of access 08/17/2021) Access mode: Cyberleninka electronic library system. — Text: electronic.
3. Ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in adults: clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2022 developers: All-Russian Society of Neurologists, National Association against Stroke, Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia, Association of Neuroanesthesiologists and Neuroreanimatologists, Union of Rehabilitologists of Russia. - Electronic text. - URB: ( access date 08/18/2020).
4. Machinsky P.A. Comparative characteristics of incidence rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Russia / P.A. Machinsky, N.A. Plotnikova, V.E. Ulyankin [and others] – Direct text.// News of higher educational institutions. Volga region. Medical Sciences.- 2022.- “2(50)-P.112 – 132 DOI 10.21685/2072-3032-2019-2-11.
5. Monitoring the implementation of the federal project “Combating Cardiovascular Diseases” - Presentation Department of Organization of Medical Care and Sanatorium Affairs of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation URB: (date of access 08/17/2021).
6. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated November 15, 2012 N 928n “On approval of the Procedure for providing medical care to patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents.” — URB: (access date 08/17/2021) Access mode: Electronic library system “Garant”. — Text: electronic.
7. Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 2022 No. 788n “On approval of the Procedure for organizing medical rehabilitation of adults.” – URB: (date of access 08.17.2021).- Access mode: Electronic library system “Garant”. — Text: electronic.
8. Prevention of cerebrovascular accidents: textbook. manual / Compiled by: L.B. Novikova, A.P. Akopyan. – Ufa: Publishing house of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education BSMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2015.-58 p.
9. Stakhovskaya L.V. Analysis of epidemiological indicators of recurrent strokes in the regions of the Russian Federation (based on the results of the territorial-population register 2009-2014) / L.V. Stakhovskaya, O.A. Klochikhina, M.D., Bogatyreva, etc.]. CONSILIUM MEDICUM, 2016, vol. 5, no. 9, p. 8-11.
10. Shamalov N. A. Analysis of the dynamics of the main types of stroke and pathogenetic variants of ischemic stroke / N. A Shamalov, L. V Stakhovskaya, O. A Klochikhina [and others]. Direct text. // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after. S.S. Korsakov. Special issues. 2019;119(3-2):5-10. doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20191190325.
11. 1RRE Electronic edition. Updated daily Stroke Day is celebrated on October 29, 2022 URB: (accessed 08/17/2021).

Author:

Pugonina Tatyana Alekseevna, Therapist

Sweating

Excessive sweating with VSD is a common symptom in which people try to get rid of the problem on their own. Self-medication for vegetative-vascular dysfunction can lead to the development of other manifestations of VSD.

Disorders in the functioning of the nervous system cause excessive sweating, which makes a person feel insecure. A lump in the throat with VSD and other symptoms if left untreated can cause consequences. Thus, with increased sweating, a favorable environment is created for the development of infections. The protective functions of the skin gradually deteriorate, so the skin can be affected by fungus.

To reduce sweating, specialists at the Yusupov Hospital recommend that patients get rid of bad habits, adhere to proper nutrition, and maintain a daily routine. During sessions, psychotherapists at the Yusupov Hospital help patients reduce anxiety and learn to relax.

Consequences of a stroke

There are transient ischemic attack (less than a day), minor stroke (from 1 day to 3 weeks) and stroke with persistent residual effects. The consequences of a stroke are expressed mainly in motor and sensory disorders, the formation of muscle contractures (pronounced constant restriction of movements in the joints), speech and swallowing disorders. General symptoms may also remain, including confusion, disturbances in thinking, will, and emotional regulation. Complications can develop: from epilepsy to bedsores, encephalopathy and anxiety-depressive syndrome [1, 3].

Advantages of treatment at the Yusupov Hospital

The Yusupov Multidisciplinary Hospital is a modern medical institution that maintains the tradition of attentive treatment and respect for each patient, which is especially important in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

During consultations with patients complaining of a lump in the throat due to VSD, specialists from the Yusupov Hospital clearly explain how to get rid of the unpleasant sensations. When treating patients, only proven methods are used, so the services provided meet international standards.

The therapy program, compiled by highly qualified specialists at the Yusupov Hospital, allows patients to be relieved of the main disorder and its manifestations, such as dry throat during VSD, increased anxiety, profuse sweating, numbness of the tongue, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, and panic attacks.

If you experience discomfort in the throat, numbness of the tongue or other unpleasant symptoms, contact the clinic to determine the cause. Pre-registration for a consultation with specialists allows patients to choose the most convenient time and avoid queues. Make an appointment with specialists at the Yusupov Hospital.

What is a stroke

The essence of a stroke is the cessation of blood supply and functioning of a part of the brain as a result of damage to a vessel.
The larger the affected area, the more severe the stroke. Necrosis of a portion of the brain substance is called an infarction [3]. There is a high risk of death in the first few hours, and then in the period up to 28 days after a vascular accident. The annual mortality rate from stroke in the Russian Federation is 374 cases per 100,000 [10]. In 2018, 35% of patients died in the acute period of stroke; by the end of the first year, this figure increases by 15%, and in general, in the first 5 years, the mortality rate of strokes is 44% [11]. The mortality rate from stroke was 92.9 per 100,000 population, and the hospital mortality rate was 19.1% [5].

Long-term disability is most likely for patients who have suffered a stroke. The prevalence of primary disability due to stroke in 2018 was 3.2 per 10 thousand population [2]. Of these, 31% need constant care, 20% have severe mobility limitations, and only 8% return to work [3]. The prevalence of recurrent strokes in 2014 was 0.79%, of which ischemic

strokes account for 87.5% [9].

Placebo effect

The literature describes placebo effects for Corvalol and the similar composition Valocordin1. Thus, elderly people living abroad, former citizens of Russia (USSR), sometimes at very old age, asked to send these particular drugs, because previously they “helped great.” What “used to be” was 20 years ago, they were younger and healthier, did not interest anyone. Explanations from local doctors and relatives that there are more effective, modern medicines did not reassure them. But the most interesting thing is that the new medications themselves did not help. The “tried and true” were needed. Then they resorted to a combination of active ingredients according to the instructions from Corvalol to produce exactly the same ones. But no, only the “old” Valocordin or Corvalol were needed. When patients did get “their” drugs, they began taking them with great pleasure and hope. Usually they helped, just as “effectively” as many years ago.

For many elderly patients, it is necessary to weigh the benefits and possible harm, additional risks when taking Corvalol. Often this is psychological dependence and the effect of self-hypnosis.

Do not take medications on your own and always consult a doctor.

Compound

The effects of taking Corvalol are easily explained by its composition.

Alpha-bromoisovaleric acid ethyl ester has a sedative effect similar to valerian. It helps relax the smooth muscles of internal organs, slows down the transmission of nerve impulses and reduces blood pressure.

Phenobarbital in small dosages causes drowsiness, relaxation, and also relaxes smooth muscles. Increases the resistance of the nervous system to irritants, promotes the onset of sleep, but the sleep that occurs is not physiological.

Peppermint leaf oil promotes dilatation of blood vessels in the heart and brain. Strengthens intestinal contractility.

The combination of these components enhances their effect.

Causes of dizziness

Control over the position of the body in space is ensured by the joint action of three anatomical systems of the body:

• vestibular. The vestibular apparatus is located deep in the skull and includes sensitive receptors that respond to the movement of the body in space;
• visual. The eyes provide basic information about our position in relation to objects in the world around us and the position of parts of our body in relation to each other.
• peripheral sensory receptors found in muscles, joints and bones, which also provide the brain with information about the position of various parts of the body.

Stimulation of one or more of these systems can lead to dizziness (as, for example, dizziness occurs as a result of riding on a merry-go-round). If dizziness appears without any external reason, then the nature of such dizziness is obviously pathological. Most often, the cause of true (or, as it is also called, systemic) dizziness is a violation of the vestibular apparatus.

Types of urticaria

There are several classifications of urticaria.

1. By time:

• acute – lasts up to 6 weeks;
• chronic – more than 6 weeks.

2. By nature:

• allergic (immune) - realized through the development of an immune reaction, often combined with other allergic diseases (bronchial asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, etc.);
• non-allergic - through the direct release of histamine.

3. Due to:

— allergic urticaria

may cause:

• Food;
• taking medications;
• insect allergens (insect allergy);
• pollen allergens.

— non-allergic

form of the disease occurs due to a direct effect on the mast cell:

• physical factors - such as cold, heat, ultraviolet radiation, radiation, vibration, compression;
• chemical (provoking factors are solvents, acids, alkalis and other chemicals);
• certain medicines, such as aspirin;
• infectious agents - viruses (adenoviruses, Epstein-Bar virus, enteroviruses), streptococci, helminths, Helicobacter pylori;
• for systemic and other chronic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus);
• with a sharp increase in the level of histamine and other active substances in the blood due to the large consumption of foods high in them: eggplants, canned food, nuts, bananas, chocolate and others.

Hereditary, psychogenic, and idiopathic urticaria (this is the name for a disease whose cause has not been established) is also possible.

The wide variety of factors and similar developmental mechanisms of individual species make it difficult to find the cause. Most often, this requires the help of a specialist.