Classification of doctors. I've never read anything funnier in my life!

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What is the name of the doctor who treats eyes?

Eye doctors in our country are traditionally called ophthalmologists. What kind of doctor is this - an ophthalmologist and what are the specifics of his work? In fact, from the point of view of terminology, “ophthalmologist” and “ophthalmologist” are synonyms. The word "oculus" is of Latin origin and means "eye". "Ophthalmos" is also "eye", only in ancient Greek. Thus, there is no difference between the names of professions. Based on the etymology, you can understand what an ophthalmologist means - a doctor who treats eye diseases.

In Western European countries, the term “ophthalmologist” is used. Gradually, Russian clinics are beginning to actively implement it. It would be a misconception to think that an ophthalmologist is a different profession. He does the same thing as an ophthalmologist - he treats the eyes and organs of the visual system. Moreover, any specialist can have a narrower specialization: for example, there are ophthalmological surgeons, pediatric ophthalmologists, etc.

Main causes of joint pain

Before understanding which doctor to go to, the patient should try to identify the cause of the pathology. This indicator will help determine the profile of a specialist who will help cure the disease of the bone joints.

Most often, patients who seek help are diagnosed with arthritis and arthrosis. With arthritis, the cartilage tissue, ligaments, joint membrane, and fluid become inflamed. Pain, swelling, limited mobility in the affected area are the main signs of the disease. Depending on the causes, there are different types of arthritis, which are treated by specialized specialists.

Degenerative-dystrophic changes in the bone surfaces of the joint, which occurs as a result of malnutrition, thinning, flattening, as well as micro-tears of the cartilage layer, are called arthrosis.

Important. A rough, dry crunch will help identify arthrosis. The greater the degree of destruction of the joint, the more pronounced this symptom appears.

Without treatment, the affected joint is destroyed. Then only an operation performed by an orthopedist-traumatologist will help.

You can further understand in more detail what pathology a particular specialist deals with.

What does an ophthalmologist treat?

Answering the question of what kind of doctor is an ophthalmologist and what he treats, we will list the most common diseases.

1. Glaucoma.

2. Cataract.

3. Refractive errors - myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism.

4. Strabismus.

5. Ptosis.

6. Retinal diseases (detachment, dystrophy).

7. Injuries to the eyes, eyelids, lacrimal glands.

8. Inflammatory eye diseases (conjunctivitis, keratitis, barley, etc.).

9. Color vision disorders.

10. Hemorrhages.

Many vision problems are caused by diseases of other organs. This means that an ophthalmologist also treats pathologies associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, difficult pregnancy or childbirth, and renal failure.

Other specializations

Differentiation by gender and age alone was not enough. Therefore, doctors were also identified who specialize in the treatment of certain groups of diseases that are particularly complex and dangerous.

1. Kidneys.
   A urologist who treats the kidneys of men, women and children is a nephrologist. This doctor diagnoses and treats urolithiasis (kidney stones), pyelonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, renal failure and many other kidney diseases. A nephrologist deals exclusively with conservative treatment of the kidneys. If kidney surgery is needed, he refers you to a urologist-surgeon.
2. Oncology.
   A urologist-oncologist is a doctor who provides conservative treatment and surgical removal of benign and malignant tumors in the organs of the urinary system.
3. Tuberculosis of the genitourinary organs.
   Tuberculosis can affect the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra. prostate. Phthisiourologists diagnose and treat such diseases.
4. Emergency care, including surgery.
   Urology specialists working in emergency and emergency departments see patients with genital injuries, acute urinary retention (AUR), and bleeding from the urinary system. Urological surgeons use various types of operations in their practice - endoscopic, laser, transurethral, ​​laparoscopic, retroperitoneal, robot-assisted, abdominal.

When should you contact an ophthalmologist?

An ophthalmologist is an eye doctor. Therefore, you need to make an appointment with him if you experience any eye problems. It is better not to delay a visit to the doctor: some diseases that seem not serious, such as conjunctivitis, can have serious complications: inflammation of the cornea, formation of a cataract, decreased vision, etc.

Warning signs for which it is advisable to see an ophthalmologist are:

• pain, burning, severe itching in the eyes;
• redness of the eyelids or eyeball;
• swelling of the eyelids in the absence of objective reasons;
• fog before the eyes;
• double vision;
• painful reaction to light;
• change in the field of view (narrowing, loss of some areas);
• distortion of objects;
• decreased visual acuity;
• increased lacrimation;
• feeling that there is a foreign body in the eye;
• pus discharge from the eyes;
• any injuries.

There are also people who are at risk for developing eye diseases and pathologies. Regular visits to an ophthalmologist (or, in other words, an ophthalmologist) are prescribed for people suffering from diabetes and pregnant women. In addition, diseases of the kidneys, liver, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems can cause serious eye complications. It is recommended that people with a hereditary predisposition to the diseases listed above have their eye condition checked at least once a year.

Many regenerative processes are associated with age-related changes. People over 45 years of age need to be careful about their eyes and get doctors' recommendations on how to preserve their vision (gymnastics, vitamins, moisturizing drops, etc.). Knowing what an ophthalmologist is treating is also important for patients who are undergoing a long course of hormonal therapy. An excess of hormones can lead to exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyes) or diabetic retinopathy (the blood vessels of the fundus grow abnormally, the retina is damaged, and vision decreases).

For women (18+)

A doctor who treats female urological pathologies is called a “urogynecologist” or “urologist-gynecologist.” The most popular female urological problems are:

• cystitis;
• urethritis;
• overactive bladder.

Among the symptoms for which you should immediately visit a female urologist:

• frequent urination;
• pain, burning, cramping when urinating;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• urinary incontinence (involuntary release of drops of urine when sneezing, coughing, laughing and other sudden movements).

Diagnostic methods

Now that we have figured out what kind of doctor an ophthalmologist is, let's look at what diagnostic methods he uses. The first step is a visual examination, but then the doctor can use a whole arsenal of modern diagnostic equipment to select the optimal treatment.

An ophthalmologist diagnoses eye diseases using the following methods:

• tonometry - measurement of intraocular pressure;
• refractometry - a study of refraction to identify myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism;
• visometry - a study of visual acuity familiar to everyone from childhood using tables with letters/images;
• color test to determine the ability to distinguish shades;
• ultrasound and optical biometry - study of the physical characteristics of the eye, the condition of the cornea and lens;
• ophthalmoscopy - examination of the eye using an ophthalmoscope, which allows you to examine the internal structures of the eye;
• biomicroscopy - study of the structure of the eye using a slit lamp;
• angiography - examination of the condition of the blood vessels of the eye by introducing a special dye;
• tonography - measurement of the rate of outflow of aqueous humor, necessary for glaucoma.

Additional Research

Children are prescribed the following tests as part of their medical examination:

• General blood analysis . Recommended for everyone after reaching 12 months. Most often, it is used to detect iron deficiency anemia. So, when hemoglobin “drops” below 100 g/l, it is necessary, firstly, to take a course of iron supplements, and secondly, to hold off on vaccinations, with the exception of the Mantoux test.
• General urine analysis . Aimed at identifying pathologies of the urinary system.
• Stool analysis - general and for helminth eggs. Allows you to exclude enterobiasis.
• Perinatal scraping . Makes it possible to detect pinworm eggs, which are located in the perinatal folds. If the diagnosis is confirmed, then treatment is carried out, then a new examination, and then vaccination.
• ECG . The simplest and most informative way to study the activity of the heart. It is painless, fast and safe. Using an ECG, heart rate, metabolic disorders of potassium, magnesium and calcium are detected, as well as a number of diseases, including angina pectoris, heart defects, metabolic disorders, etc.

What does an ophthalmologist do and what treatment methods does he use?

The choice of treatment method depends on the specific disease. Typically, a general ophthalmologist will prescribe local or general treatment, eye exercises and physical therapy. But surgical intervention is carried out by ophthalmologist-surgeons - specialists who own modern minimally invasive equipment for performing operations on the eyeball

Vision testing in children

You can explain to your children which doctor treats eyes and what another name an ophthalmologist is by making an appointment with the doctor. Vision testing in children should be carried out regularly: at a younger age, it will make sure that the child does not have congenital pathologies and the development of the visual organs is in accordance with the norm, and at an older age, it will prevent the development of myopia. The most vulnerable age for myopathy is 8-14 years, when eye strain increases sharply, and children are not yet accustomed to maintaining workplace hygiene.

Children with poor heredity should definitely visit an ophthalmologist.
In childhood, it is easier to identify and treat many disorders - astigmatism, strabismus, farsightedness, myopia, etc. Timely prescription of correction will avoid the development of other diseases - strabismus and amblyopia. It is advisable for children to see an ophthalmologist at least once a year. Ophthalmologists of the Lensmaster chain of salons specialize in refractive error and eye accommodation, so they can choose suitable glasses or contact lenses even for people with serious impairments. There are children's specialists who are ready to conduct a full vision examination of children from 7 years of age. You can make an appointment in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov-on-Don and other cities of Russia through the online form.

Medical examination with a proctologist or urologist (for men): how to prepare?

A timely visit to a proctologist and urologist for men is as important as an appointment with a gynecologist and mammologist for women.

An examination by a proctologist consists of interviewing the patient, visual examination of the anal area, and palpation of the anus. The evening before the medical examination with a proctologist, it is recommended to do a cleansing enema and also refuse dinner. If the appointment is scheduled for the second half of the day, you can have breakfast with very light foods in small quantities.

As for a medical examination by a urologist, it includes a doctor’s examination of the scrotum and penis, as well as palpation of the prostate through the anus. In addition, prostatic secretions may need to be collected for laboratory testing.

The rules for preparing for a medical examination with a urologist are simple: you need to abstain from sexual intercourse 2-3 days before visiting the doctor, perform a cleansing enema the day before and refrain from urinating for 1-1.5 hours for the examination.